AMD64
AMD64 is a set of 64-bit extensions to AMD x86-compatible microprocessors.
AMD64 extends the industry-standard x86 instruction set architecture while maintaining full compatibility with existing x86 applications.
The 64-bit architecture of AMD64 enables applications to utilize up to 256 terabytes of memory, overcoming the 4 gigabytes limitation of 32-bit processors.
AMD64 doubles the number of general purpose registers to 16 and doubles their size to 64-bits.
AMD64 also doubles the number of 128-bit XMM registers to 16.
AMD64 includes support for SSE and SSE2 instructions. Later releases of AMD64 add SSE3.
AMD64 improves system security by adding support for the NX bit. The NX bit enables the operating system to forbid code execution in data space. This helps to prevent attacks such as buffer overflows. Both Windows and Linux support use of the NX bit.
Intel has copied AMD64 in their EM64T architecture.
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- EM64T (Intel 64)
EM64T (Extended Memory 64 Technology), now known more commonly as Intel 64 or the x64 (that is when including AMD64 too), is a 64 bit superset/extensions that central processing units (CPUs) process. It is widely used in Intel’s processors, including Pentium 4, Pentium D, Pentium Extreme Edition, Celeron D, Xeon, Pentium Dual Core, and Core [...]...
- Hyper-Threading
Hyper-Threading technology is a technique that enables a single CPU to act like multiple CPUs. A CPU is made up of many smaller components. At any given time, one of these components might be busy, while the other components are waiting to be utilized. Hyper-Threading enables different CPU parts to work on different tasks concurrently. [...]...
- HyperTransport
HyperTransport is a CPU to I/O and CPU to CPU bus design. HyperTransport is an open standard which has been incorporated into AMD's Opteron and Athlon64 64-bit x86 processors, Transmeta's Efficeon x86 processor, Broadcom's BCM1250 64-bit MIPS processor, and PMC-Sierra's RM9000 64-bit MIPS processor family. Integrating HyperTransport into the CPU enables the elimination of the [...]...