Musicam (MPEG-1 Audio Layer II) is a lossy audio format that was created alongside MPEG-1 Audio Layer I and Audio Layer III.

HRTF (Head Related Transfer Functions) refers to a technique used in audio recordings in order to produce binaural signals from a monaural source.

A hydrophone is a type of microphone that is specifically designed to be used under water. Hydrophones depend on piezoelectric transducers to detect sound waves and other pressure waves coming from underwater vehicles, animals, and natural structures.

MIDI keyboards are digital keyboards that are designed similar to a piano keyboard and are used to transmit Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI) communications to an electronic module or computer that is capable of producing sound.

SPDIF (Sony/Philips Digital Interconnect Format) is a digital audio format that is also referred to as S/PDIF, S/P-DIF, and IEC 958 type II.
SPDIF transports stereo digital audio signals on PC audio cards, CD players, DVD players, car audio systems, and other systems that transmit or receive stereo digital audio.

Experts in science and technology developed a known digital audio standard, AES/EBU, to handle signals from digital audio systems. It is known officially by the name AES3 and an Audio Engineering Society and the European Broadcasting Union developed it, hence the name. It was first publicized in 1989, but was revised later in 1995, 1998, and 2003.

TOSLINK or Toshiba – LINK is a connection standard for digital audio streams. It is a standard which uses fiber optic cables.
The important feature of fiber optic cables is that they convert audio signals into light impulses as opposed to electric signals. TOSLINK cables usually transmit their signals as the red LED lights.

I2S is Inter-IC Sound.
I2S is a serial bus used to transport digital audio.
High-end CD and DVD players feature I2S outputs. I2S inputs are found on some PC sound cards.

FLAC (Free Lossless Audio Codec) is an audio format similar to MP3, but it is a lossless encoding format, meaning that audio is compressed in FLAC without any loss in quality.
FLAC is unique as it is the fastest and most widely supported lossless audio codec, and the only one that at once is non-proprietary, and is not patented.

SHN is a .wav file compression process that helps to improve the way audio source files are stored. The following is some background on the concept of SHN and some suggested applications.
What SHN does
SHN is used in audio compression processes. The idea behind SHN (or Shorten) is to compress an audio .