A Root Certificate is a self-signed certificate or an unsigned public key certificate which forms an important part of the PKI (public key infrastructure). The most common commercial type of root certificates is based on the ISO X.509 standard. Such a certificate (a X.509 certificate) usually carries the digital signature of a certification authority (CA), which is the authorized body for validating the embedded data.
In most enterprise-scale public key infrastructure systems, certificate cha
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Google or any other search engine may become abnormal when a researcher attempts to search or click on a query and redirect him/her from the page that he/she intended to visit. This is known as a redirect and a wide variety of malware can cause it. It is important to understand what may be causing the problem as well as the process for removing it.
These types of Google redirects can be very malicious because they can log personal information and transmit the data to another source. The perso
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About: Blank is a homepage hijacker that severely slows down your computer and shows popup advertisements randomly while using one's Internet browser. While it does not do actual damage to the computer, it does limit what can be done on the computer because, at times, the About: Blank could be using as high as 80% of the CPU's power. Therefore, removing it is an important task.
Removing About: Blank
There are two main ways to remove About: Blank. The first is to do it the manual way. To do thi
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Manually removing spyware is not an easy task. Usually the best course of action to remove spyware from your computer is to download and install a free spyware removal tool that will do this job for you.
However, sometimes a problem arises in which the spyware removal program is unable to delete the spyware files and they will have to be manually deleted. Because this involves finding files and deleting them, or making changes to a computer's registry, manually deleting spyware should only be
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Homeland Security Presidential Directive 12 (HSPD-12) is a presidential directive that President George W. Bush signed following the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. HSPD-12 required that all government agencies take measures to produce and distribute "smart cards" to their employees and contractors in order to properly identify those attempting to access federal buildings and computer networks. HSPD-12 was designed to reduce terrorist threats and improve federal security, although it has p
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Generic.dx is a rather common trojan virus that infects the computer and weakens its security in order to allow other viruses and malicious software to infect the computer. It enters the computer via an email that the user opens, a website he/she visits, or a third party software that he/she downloads and installs. Generic.dx trojans tend to hide rather well, but can be eliminated with anti-virus software. Typically, Generic.dx trojans can be found in the primary hard drive's Programs Files fold
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A one-time pad is the only theoretically unbreakable cipher. A one-time pad is a private key, or symmetric, cipher where the key size is equal to the plaintext size. Because of this, the key is never reutilized. As the key is never reutilized, there is no basis for mathematical cryptanalysis.
An example of a very poor one-time pad would be if you were to encrypt a letter to a friend using a substitution cipher and using Hemingway's A Farewell to Arms as a key. Your friend could decrypt your l
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An excerpt from Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution by Steven Levy:
Access to computers – and anything which might teach you something about the way the world works – should be unlimited and total. Always yield to the Hands-On imperative.
All information should be free.
Mistrust Authority. Promote Decentralization.
Hackers should be judged by their hacking, not bogus criteria such as degrees, age, race, or position.
You can create art and beauty on a computer.
Computers
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Cryptology
Cryptology is the science which incorporates both cryptography and cryptanalysis.
Cryptologists
Practitioners of cryptology are known as cryptologists.
Cryptology in Context
A cryptographer will use cryptography to convert plaintext into ciphertext and a cryptanalyst will use cryptanalysis to attempt to turn that ciphertext back into plaintext.
Both the cryptographer and the cryptanalyst are cryptologists. Cryptography and cryptanalysis are the two sides of cryptology.
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The original g2mdlhlpx.exe is a part of Citrix GoToMeeting and GoToWebinar. Malware creators have copied this filename in an attempt to "hide" from PC owners and system administrators.
Someone who has Citrix GoToMeeting or GoToWebinar installed does not have to worry about this process. However, if he/she does not have either of these Citrix products installed on his/her PC, he/she will have to clean this malware from the PC.
The legitimate g2mdlhlpx.exe executable installs in the C:Docume
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