AES (Rijndael)
AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) is a symmetric cipher defined in Federal Information Processing (FIPS) Standard Number 197 in 2001 as the federal government approved encryption algorithm.
The NSA has approved 128-bit AES for use up to SECRET level and 192-bit AES for use up to TOP SECRET level.
AES is based upon the Rijndael algorithm, which was invented by Joan Daemen and Vincent Rijmen. AES specifies three approved key lengths: 128-bits, 192-bits and 256-bits.
Nicolas Courtois maintains an excellent web page on the current state of attacks on AES.
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- DES (Data Encryption Standard)
DES (Data Encryption Standard) is a symmetric cipher defined in Federal Information Processing (FIPS) Standard Number 46 in 1977 as the federal government approved encryption algorithm for sensitive but non-classified information. DES was developed by IBM and was based upon IBM’s earlier Lucifer cipher. DES utilizes a 56-bit key. This key size is vulnerable to [...]...
- Cryptographic Algorithms
Symmetric Cryptographic Algorithms DES (Data Encryption Standard) is perhaps the most widely used cryptographic algorithm. DES is based upon IBM’s Lucifer algorithm. The NBS (National Bureau of Standards) and the NSA (National Security Agency) adopted DES as a federal standard in 1977. DES is a symmetric cipher with an effective key length of 56 bits. [...]...
- XOR Encryption
The XOR encryption is a simple symmetric cipher that is used in many applications where security is not a defined requirement. The XOR Operator XOR (Exclusive OR) is a bitwise operator from binary mathematics. The six bitwise operators, as defined in the C programming language, are: Operation Symbol AND & Inclusive OR | Exclusive OR [...]...
- Cryptography
Cryptography is the study and practice of encoding data using transformation techniques so that it can only be decoded by specific users. In simpler words, it is a theory of secret writing. Practitioners of cryptography are known as cryptographers. Cryptography is the technique of using mathematics, computer science and engineering to encrypt and decrypt information. [...]...
- Block and Stream Ciphers
Block and Stream Ciphers are two categories of ciphers used in classical cryptography. Block and Stream Ciphers differ in how large a piece of the message is processed in each encryption operation. Block Ciphers Block ciphers encrypt plaintext in chunks. Common block sizes are 64 and 128 bits. Stream Ciphers Stream ciphers encrypt plaintext one [...]...