ARP is the Address Resolution Protocol. The ARP protocol maps addresses between the Data Link Layer and the Network Layer of the OSI Model. The Data Link layer of TCP/IP networks utilizes MAC addresses; the Network Layer of TCP/IP networks utilizes IP addresses. ARP and RARP The ARP protocol is used to map IP addresses …
NAT (Network Address Translation) is a technique for preserving scarce Internet IP addresses. Why NAT? The current Internet uses IP addresses in the form xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx. A sample IP address might be 202.187.4.212. Because of the way these IP addresses are allocated, there started to be a shortage of available IP addresses. The current IP (Internet …
A computer network can be segmented physically and logically. A collision domain is one of the logical network segments in which the data packets can collide with each other. One of the most common protocols used when referring to a collision domain is the Ethernet protocol. Collision domains are often referred to as ‘Ethernet segments.’ …
BOOTP is the Bootstrap Protocol. The BOOTP protocol is utilized by diskless workstations to gather configuration information from a network server. The information provided by the BOOTP protocol is: The IP address which should be utilized by the diskless workstation The IP address of a server which will provide an Operating System image for the …
Using a internet browser is very commonplace nowadays. Unfortunately, a “cannot find server” error code may interrupt the user’s website visit. This is not only frustrating for Microsoft Internet Explorer users, but for Opera, Safari, Firefox, and other web browser users. Finding and fixing the cause of this error is very important, as web users …
127.0.0.1 is the loopback Internet protocol (IP) address also referred to as the “localhost.” The address is used to establish an IP connection to the same machine or computer being used by the end-user. The same convention is defined for computer’s that support IPv6 addressing using the connotation of ::1. Establishing a connection using the …
The usable FTP commands will differ from one FTP client to the next, but these are a set of fairly standard FTP commands as implemented in the FreeBSD FTP client. ! [command [args]] Invoke an interactive shell on the local machine. If there are arguments, the first is taken to be a command to execute …
SerDes (pronounced sir-dees) stands for Serializer/Deserializer. It is a set of blocks that is commonly found in high speed communications. SerDes’ general purpose is to compensate for limited input/output. The blocks can convert data between serial data and interfaces that are parallel in different directions. Functions of SerDes The generic function is made up of …
This Ethernet cable can be used to connect a network interface card (NIC) to an Ethernet switch or hub. They transmit data using the Ethernet protocol. Ethernet cables have RJ-45 jacks on both ends, each with 8 pins (They look similar to telephone jacks, which use 4 pins or 6 pins). Equipment using an Ethernet …
ISDN BRI (Basic Rate Interface) is a standard Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) service meant for residential and small scale business Internet connections. There is another type of ISDN configuration called the Primary Rate Interface (PRI) that is designed to provide higher bandwidth. The BRI configuration defined in the physical layer standard I.430 produced by …