Many businesses and government institutions use a content filtering program such as Websense to keep employees from visiting certain websites while at work. These programs can either prohibit the use of certain websites or monitor all of the sites that employees visit while in the office. Websense blocks several website categories: adult material, entertainment, drugs, …
TEMPEST stands for Transient Electromagnetic Pulse Surveillance Technology. Computers and other electronic equipment release interference to their surrounding environment. You may observe this by placing two video monitors close together. The pictures will behave erratically until you space them apart. What is important for an observer is the emission of digital pulses (zeroes and ones) …
Zyxel is a manufacturer of firewalls, switches, routers, and other devices that are used in wireless networking. Specifically, Zyxel routers can be found in both residential and commercial environments, causing it to be the most popular device that Zyxel sells. Zyxel routers are often equipped with dual antennas, WPA encryption, and up to four Ethernet …
Fake mail is e-mail which appears to be from someone other than the actual sender. Fake mail was initially usually used to stage practical jokes, but is now utilized primarily by e-mail spammers. How to Send Fake Mail To send fake mail, first `telnet` to port 25 of the machine you want the fake mail …
An ATM skimmer is a card reader that is installed on some ATMs by criminals in order to steal the card numbers and PINs of the victims who use them. ATM skimmers vary in sophistication, but may be installed either directly within an ATM or next to it and may either interfere with the ATM’s …
A botnet or robot network is a group of computers running a computer application that only the owner or software source controls and manipulates. The botnet may refer to a legitimate network of several computers that share program processing amongst them. Usually though, when people talk about botnets, they are talking about a group of …
Personal RFID tracking units are personal tracking units that depend on RFID or Radio Frequency Identification technology. Personal RFID tracking units allow users to identify and locate objects and individuals within a specific facility or area. Although personal RFID tracking units are not as popular or as common as other forms of personal tracking units …
MD5 is a message digest algorithm. MD5 takes a variable length input and produces a 128-bit message digest. MD5 was designed by Ron Rivest in 1991. MD5 is officially defined in RFC 1321 – The MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm. MD5 Usage MD5 is used in many applications, including GPG, Kerberos, TLS / SSL, Cisco type 5 …
Mondex is a specific smart card which was developed by England’s National Westminster Bank in 1990. Its design was intended to serve as electronic cash or a virtual electronic wallet. Any amount of money can be transferred to the Mondex smart card. MasterCard international bought controlling interest in the resulting firm, Mondex International, in 1997 …
X.509 is an ITU-T (ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector) standard for PKI (Public Key Infrastructure) in cryptography, which, amongst many other things, defines specific formats for PKC (Public Key Certificates) and the algorithm that verifies a given certificate path is valid under a give PKI (called the certification path validation algorithm). X.509 History X.509 began in …